Multi-index components of Scutellariae Barbatae Herba according to UHPLC-QTRAP-MS coupled with chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

The present study developed an ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap composite mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS) to simultaneously determine the content of potential active components in Scutellariae Barbatae Herba and also to provide a reference approach for screening out the differential quality control components among different batches of Scutellariae Barbatae Herba. Chromatographic separations were conducted on a Thermo Acclaim~(TM) RSLC 120 C_(18) column(3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.2 μm) in a gradient program. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile, and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and the injection volume was 2 μL. The targeted compounds were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. The acquired data were processed by hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA). Sixteen compounds all showed good linear relationship within the corresponding linear ranges and the R~2 values were all higher than 0.993 2. The RSDs of precision, repeatability, and stability were less than or equal to 3.7%. Mean recovery rates were in the range of 95.67% and 104.8% with RSDs≤3.2%. According to HCA and PLS-DA, all samples were clustered into four categories. Scutellarin, acteoside, scutellarein, and scutebarbatine X(VIP>1) were considered as differential chemical markers in the four categories. In conclusion, the developed method can be used for the simulta-neous determination of the multiple components and quality control of Scutellariae Barbatae Herba.

A Study on Clinical Characteristics and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Manifestations on Systemic Rosai-Dorfman Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background:</b>Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is typically characterized by painless bilateral and symmetrical cervical lymphadenopathy, with associated fever and leukocytosis. The aim of the current study was to summarize the clinical features and imaging characteristics of RDD, in an effort to improve its diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><b>Methods</b>The study was analyzed from 32 patients between January 2011 and December 2017; of these, 16 patients had pathologically diagnosed RDD, eight had pathologically diagnosed meningioma, and eight pathologically diagnosed lymphoma. All patients underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical features and imaging characteristics of RDD were analyzed retrospectively. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of lesions at different sites were measured, and one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t-test were used to compare the differences between groups and draw receiver operating characteristic curves. The tumors were excised for biopsy and analyzed using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>Results:</b>The mean ADCs were (0.81 ± 0.10) × 10mm/s for intercranial RDD, (0.73 ± 0.05) × 10mm/s for nasopharyngeal RDD, (0.74 ± 0.11) × 10mm/s for bone RDD, and (0.71 ± 0.04) × 10mm/s for soft-tissue RDD. The optimum ADC to distinguish intracranial RDD from lymphoma was 0.79 × 10mm/s (62.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity) and to distinguish meningioma from intracranial RDD was 0.92 × 10mm/s (62.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sediment rate and D-dimer were significantly elevated (81%, 87%, and 75%, respectively). On immunohistochemistry, RDD was positive for both S-100 and CD68 proteins but negative for CD1a.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b>Conventional MRI, combined with diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC mapping, is an important diagnostic tool in evaluating RDD patients. An accurate diagnosis of RDD should consider the clinical features, imaging characteristics, and the pathological findings.</p>

Pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rb1 in lincomycin-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis rats / 中国药科大学学报

@#Gut microbiota-mediated deglycosylationplays an important role in the metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1. Thus, a lincomycin-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis rat model was selected to explored the pharmacokinetics and deglycosylation metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1. An UPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed to detect ginsenoside Rb1 and its deglycosylated metabolite, Rd in rat plasma. The triple quadruple mass spectrometer was set in negative electrospray ionization mode by multiple reaction monitoring. The method was validated to meet the requirements of biological applications, by evaluating specificity, linearity, lower limits of quantification(LLOQ), precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery and stability. Gut microbiota dysbiosis rats were induced by oral administration of lincomycin(5 000 mg/kg)for 7 continuous days. The in vitro and in vivo results reveal that the reduced β-D-glucosidase activity significantly decreases the Rd formation rate in lincomycin-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis rats, leading to the pharmacokinetic alteration of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd in gut microbiota dysbiosis rats.

Active ingredients and its pharmacokinetic behavior and anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng with different steamed times / 中国中药杂志

HPLC analysis was performed to study the changes in chemical composition of ginseng extracts prepared from high quality ginseng with 0, 2, 4, 8 h of steamed times. An UFLC-MS/MS multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) quantitative analysis was made to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior differences of ginsenosides in mice ig administered of ginseng extracts with different steamed times in the negative ion mode, with Digoxin as the internal standard substance. The mice were injected with LPS to establish inflammation model after ig administration of ginseng for a week and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mice plasma were detected by ELISA, in order to study on anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng with different steamed times. It was determined that levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in inflammation model group ig administered of ginseng extracts with 8h of steamed time. The results showed that the chemical components in ginseng changed after steaming and the components into the blood changed, correspondingly. Ginseng with steamed 8 h contributes to anti-inflammatory effects. These results provided an experimental basis for revealing the active substance basis and dose-effect relationship of ginseng on anti-inflammatory effect.

HPLC specific chromatogram spectrum-effect relationship for Shuanghuanglian on MDCK cell injury induced by influenza A virus (H1N1) / 中国中药杂志

To establish HPLC specific chromatogram and its correlation with the protection effect of Shuanghuanglian on MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cell injury induced by influenza A virus( H1N1). Nine recipes of Shuanghuanglian based on the official prescription were prepared according to orthogonal test for HPLC analysis and MDCK cells protection experiment separately (cytopathic effect (CPE) method was used for observing the virus infectivity and MTT staining results were used as the determining indexes for drug concentration selection and analyzing cell viability). The results suggested that all the other Shuang-Huang-Lian recipes except recipe1 demonstrate protecting effect on MDCK cell injury induced by influenza A virus (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis was used for analyzing the relationships between HPLC fingerprint and the protecting effect of Shuanghuanglian on influenza A virus induced MDCK cell injury. Peak 2, 3, 6, 8 and 12 were found to be strongly related with anti-influenza A virus efficacy. Stepwise regression analysis of recipes data and efficacy data showed that Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus were positively associated with the protecting effect of cells injury. From HPLC fingerprints, we found that peak 2, 3, 12 were from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and peak 6, 8 were from Forsythiae Fructus. Four peaks were identified through comparing the retention time between the standard and Shuanghuanglian recipes, and they were chlorogenicacid, cryptochlorogenic acid, forsythoside B and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid respectively. Caffeic acid derivatives in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus were found to be greatly correlated with anti-influenza A virus efficacy and maybe the substance basis of Shuanghuanglian.

Comparison of total phenol of magnolia solid dispersion prepared by different methods / 中国中药杂志

To compare the difference of total phenol of magnolia solid dispersion prepared by different methods. Hot melt extrusion, solvent evaporation method, and fusion-cooling method were used to prepare total phenol of Magnolia accessory solid dispersion, Plastone S-630 and HPC. The drug dispersion state in the prepared solid dispersion was evaluated with DSC and X-ray diffraction; FT-IR method was used to analyze the possible connections between drug and accessories. Finally, accelerated stability-in vivo dissolution test was use to compare the stability differences between these three processes. The results of DSC and X-ray diffraction showed that all of the drug in solid dispersion processed by three processes can exist in amorphous form; FT-IR results also could not distinguish the difference between the three processes; accelerated stability-in vivo dissolution test showed the stability of solid dispersion prepared by HPC was better than Plastone S-630, and the same kinds of materials solid dispersion prepared by hot melt extrusion showed a better stability than the other two processes.

In vivo pharmacokinetic study on total saponins from roots of Panax ginseng in rats / 中草药

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetic profiles of the nine ginsenosides from the roots of Panax ginseng in rats, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2/Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, and Rh1. Methods: After different time points of ig administration of 200 mg/kg ginsenosides, the blood was taken from the venous plexus of fundus. The biological samples were extracted with n-butanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column using a gradient elution program at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The LC-MS system was operated using an electro-spray ionization probe in the negative ion model. After the oral administration of 200 mg/kg ginsenosides to rats, plasma was collected and analyzed under the above conditions. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartment model. Results: After the oral administration of ginsenosides to rats, six ginsenosides were detected in plasma which included Rb1, Rb2/Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1. Among these ginsenosides, the protopanaxatriol ginsenoside Rg1 and Re were quickly eliminated. However, the pharmacokinetic behaviors of protopanaxadiol ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2/Rb3, Rc, and Rd were markedly different from those of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in rats with the significantly longer half-life of the protopanaxadiol ginsenosides. Conclusion: The method is accurate, stable, and reliable, and can be used for profiling total ginsenosides' pharmacokinetic properties in rats.

Studies on effects of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside on prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in vivo pharmacokinetics / 中国中药杂志

Study on the effects of Astragali Radix main active flavone calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside on Saposhnikoviae Radix main active ingredients prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin, a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma was established, and the comparative pharmacokinetics of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin after oral administration of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-prim-O-glucosylcimifugin to rats were carried out, which might be conductive in exploring the rationality of Astragali Radix - Saposhnikoviae Radix herb couple. Twelve male SD rats were divided into two groups. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma of different time points after oral administration of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside - prim-O-glucosylcimifugin to rats were determinated. And the main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated using DAS 3. 2. 4. The established method was rapid, accurate and sensitive for simultaneous determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma. The analysis was performed on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid/water as mobile phase, and the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Compared with prim-O-glucosylcimifugin group, the AUC(0-t)., and AUC(0-∞) of p-O-glucosylcimifugin as well as the C(max) of cimifugin significantly increased (P < 0.05) in calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-prim-O-glucosylcimifugin group. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside could enhance the absorption of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin and improve the bioavailability, explaining preliminarily the rationality of Astragali Radix-Saposhnikoviae Radix herb couple.

Perianal Tick-Bite Lesion Caused by a Fully Engorged Female Amblyomma testudinarium

A perianal tick and the surrounding skin were surgically excised from a 73-year-old man residing in a southwestern costal area of the Korean Peninsula. Microscopically a deep penetrating lesion was formed beneath the attachment site. Dense and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrations occurred in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues around the feeding lesion. Amorphous eosinophilic cement was abundant in the center of the lesion. The tick had Y-shaped anal groove, long mouthparts, ornate scutum, comma-shaped spiracular plate, distinct eyes, and fastoons. It was morphologically identified as a fully engorged female Amblyomma testudinarium. This is the third human case of Amblyomma tick infection in Korea.

Studies on effects of Achyranthes bidentata on tongsaimai pellets main active ingredients chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and glycyrrhizin in vivo pharmacokinetics / 中国中药杂志

To study on the effects of Achyranthes bidentata on Tongsaimai pellets main active ingredients chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and glycyrrhizin in rats in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors, a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and liquiritigenin in rat plasma was established by UPLC-MS/MS. The analysis was performed on a waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid/water as mobile phase, and the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. It turned out that the analytes of Tongsaimai pellets groups C(max) and AUC(Q-infinity) values were higher than that with A. bidentata group, and the C(max) values of chlorogenic acid had significantly difference (P < 0.05), the AUC(0-infinity) values of chlorogenic acid and glycyrrhizin had significantly difference (P < 0.05); The T(max) and CL values of two groups had no significantly difference. Results showed that the established method was specific, rapid, accurate and sensitive for the studies of Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic, and A. bidentata have varying degrees of effects on Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors.

Two cases of opioid rotation applied to patients with chronic pain / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Expression of GIRK4 gene in kidney tissues of obese rat / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of GIRK4 gene in the kidney tissues of obese rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Obese rat models were established using diet-induced method. The GIRK4 protein expression in kidney tissues was determined in 20 obese rats and 10 normal rats using Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative expression level of GIRK4 protein in the kidney tissues of obese rat (1.75±0.42) was significantly lower than that in normal rats (3.37±0.68, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GIRK4 has a low protein expression in the kidney tissues of obese rat.</p>

Glycation of high-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate whether glycation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increases cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by altering its anti-atherogenic property.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from Pubmed and Medline in English from 2000 to 2013, with keywords "glycation", "HDL", and "atherosclerosis". Study selection Articles regarding glycation of HDL and its role in atherogenesis in both humans and experimental animal models were identified, retrieved and reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Glycation alters the structure of HDL and its associated enzymes, resulting in an impairment of atheroprotective functionality and increased risks for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glycation of HDL exerts a deleterious effect on the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.</p>

Advance in studies on gut microbiota in de-glycosylation of traditional Chinese medicine glycosides / 中国中药杂志

Glycosides are important active components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Their pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetic characteristics and in vivo existence become hotspots of current studies. The metabolic pathways of these glycosides are de-glycosylation mainly mediated by gut microbiota. After glycosides were metabolized into aglycones, they could be absorbed more easily and show better pharmacological effects. In this article, we reviewed the main glycosidase in gut microbiota which helps metabolize TCM glycosides, relevant bacterial strains which generate glycosidase, as well as the de-glycosylated metabolic pathways of the representative glycosides, on the basis of gut microbiota's important roles in in vivo metabolism and efficacy of TCM glycosides. We also preliminarily solved problems in studies on de-glycosylation of TCM glycosides.

Airway management of patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery: a single center analysis / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Airway management of patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery: a single center analysis / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Association between GIRK4 gene polymorphisms and insulin resistance in Xinjiang Uygur population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association between polymorphisms of protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel (GIRK4) gene and insulin resistance (IR) in Xinjiang Uygur population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional epidemiological survey-based case-control study was carried out, for which 1295 subjects (including 324 IR patients and 971 non-IR controls) were randomly selected. Functional region of the GIRK4 gene was sequenced for 48 randomly selected IR patients. Representative variable sites were chosen, with its association with IR assessed in 1295 Uygur subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>rs11221497 variant was associated with IR in Uygur subjects under 50 years old (P=0.017 in genotype model, P=0.009 in dominant model). Subjects with dominant model of CC genotype have an OR of 1.833 (95%CI: 1.157-2.905) for IR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GIRK4 gene polymorphisms may be associated with IR in Uygur ethnics from Xinjiang. The CC genotype of rs11221497 variant is a risk factor for IR.</p>

Impact of weight gain following smoking cessation on one-year outcome after drug-eluting stent implantation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Weight gain following smoking cessation increases cardiovascular risk, but its effects on prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between weight gain post smoking cessation and one-year clinical outcome in patients who underwent PCI with drug-eluting stent (DES).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 895 consecutive male smoking patients were divided into quitters (n = 437) and continuers (n = 458) according to their smoking status after PCI. Weight gain, major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including cardiac deaths, myocardial infarction and revascularization), and recurrent angina were recorded during follow-up for one year.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Average weight gain in quitters was more than that in continuers (1.5 kg vs. -0.03 kg, P < 0.001). Weight was unchanged or increased by more than 1.5 kg in 78.17% of continuers, while 50.57% of quitters had a weight gain of less than 1.5 kg. Compared with continuers, MACE in quitters was significantly reduced after PCI (6.12% vs. 4.81%, P = 0.049), especially recurrent angina (13.97% in continuers vs. 9.84% in quitters, P = 0.027). After adjusting for weight gain and other factors, smoking cessation was independently associated with a lower risk of MACE and recurrent angina (OR = 0.73, P = 0.035). However, weight gain > 1.5 kg (OR = 1.55, P = 0.026) could curtail the benefits from smoking cessation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Weight gain may reduce the benefits of smoking cessation after PCI with DES implantation. Thus, although smoking cessation is recommended after PCI, weight control should also be highly encouraged for these patients.</p>

The effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on the duration of brachial plexus block

BACKGROUND: Dexmedemomidine, a highly selective alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist has an analgesic and sedative effect without causing respiratory depression. In this study, we compared the duration of brachial plexus block (BPB), the time at which the patient first feels pain after performing BPB, the need for use of analgesics, and the occurrence rate of complications while continuous infusion with dexmedetomidine was used for sedation in patients undergoing BPB, to a control group, who were only infused with normal saline. METHODS: BPB was performed in 48 patients scheduled for upper limb surgery. Infraclavicular approach was provided with 40 ml of 1.5% mepivacaine and 200 microg of epinephrine using nerve stimulator. After verification of successful block, dexmedetomidine group received dexmedetomidine (loading dose 0.1 microg/kg/min for the first 10 minutes followed by a maintenance dose of 0.005 microg/kg/min as required to maintain bispectral index 60-80). In the control group, normal saline was infused at a rate of 10 ml/hr. The duration of BPB, the time at which the patient first feels pain after performing BPB, frequency of complication, and the use of analgesics of the both groups were checked. RESULTS: The motor and sensory block duration, and the time at which the patient first feels pain after BPB were longer in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the control group. And the need for analgesics were less in the dexmedetomidine group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of BPB.

Advances in research on G protein-coupled inward rectifier K(+) channel gene / 中国医学科学院学报

G protein-coupled inward rectifier K(+) channel 4(GIRK4) is a G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel family member. Encoded by the KCNJ5, it is widely distributed in the mammalian heart, brain, and other tissues and organs. Recent studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of GIRK4 gene is associated with atrial fibrillation, and meanwhile may be closely related to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and many other clinical conditions. Further research on the role the GIRK4 gene in the pathophysiology of these clinical conditions will definitely facilitate their clinical diagnosis and treatment.